Aromatic nitration - wiki

Aromatic Nitration Mechanism (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Nitration is a general class of chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic chemical compound.




Ipso nitration

With aryl chlorides, triflates and nonaflates ipso substitution can take place as well in so-called ipso nitration. The phrase was first used by Perrin and Skinner in 1971 in an investigation into chloroanisole nitration In one protocol 4-chloro-n-butylbenzene is reacted with sodium nitrite in t-butanol in presence of 0.5 mol% Pd₂(dba)₃, a biarylphosphine ligand and a phase-transfer catalyst to 4-nitro-n-butylbenzene

Example of an ipso nitration (Photo credit: Wikipedia)