Quinine - wiki

Français : quinine, cinchonidine (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Quinine is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria and to treat babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available.While used for restless legs syndrome, it is not recommended for this purpose. It can be taken by mouth or used intravenously. Malaria that is resistant to quinine occur in certain areas of the world.

Quinine (and quinidine) are used as the chiral moiety for the ligands used in Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as well as for numerous other chiral catalyst backbones. Because of its relatively constant and well-known fluorescence quantum yield, quinine is used in photochemistry as a common fluorescence standard.

Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (also called the Sharpless bishydroxylation) is the chemical reaction of an alkene with osmium tetroxide in the presence of a chiral quinine ligand to form a vicinal diol.

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, andheadaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin,seizures, coma, or death

Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a genus of Apicomplexa.Human babesiosis is an uncommon but emerging disease in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and parts of Europe, and sporadic throughout the rest of the world. It occurs in warm months. Ticks transmit the human strain of babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease. After trypanosomes, Babesia is thought to be the second-most common blood parasite of mammals, and they can have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. In cattle, a major host, the disease is known as Texas cattle fever, redwater, orpiroplasmosis.