Monday, May 16, 2016

Hepatitis C virus antivirals

English: Simplified diagram of the structure o...
Simplified diagram of the structure of
Hepatitis C virus (Photo credit: Wikipedia)




Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver





RNA virus antivirals (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB)
ATC codes
J Antiinfectives for systemic use
J01 Antibacterials for systemic use
J02 Antimycotics for systemic use
J04 Antimycobacterials
J05 Antivirals for systemic use



NS3/4A protease inhibitors (–previr): Asunaprevir Boceprevir Faldaprevir‡ Grazoprevir Paritaprevir Simeprevir Telaprevir
Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), also known as p-70, is a viral nonstructural protein that is 70 kDa cleavage product of the hepatitis C viruspolyprotein. It acts as a serine protease.   /   Nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) is aviral protein found in the hepatitis C virus. It acts as a cofactor (biochemistry) for the enzyme NS3.



Asunaprevir (formerly BMS-650032, brand name in Japan andRussia Sunvepra) is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is undergoing development by Bristol-Myers Squibb and is currently in Phase III clinical trials.
Asunaprevir
Asunaprevir.svg
Boceprevir (INN, trade name Victrelis) is a protease inhibitor used to treat hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. It binds to the HCV nonstructural protein 3 active site.
Boceprevir
Boceprevir.svg

NS5A inhibitors (–asvir): Daclatasvir Elbasvir Ledipasvir MK-3682 MK-8408 Odalasvir† Ombitasvir Ravidasvir† Samatasvir†
Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein that plays a key role in Hepatitis C virus RNA replication. It appears to be a dimeric form without trans-membrane helices.
Daclatasvir (USAN, formerly BMS-790052, trade name Daklinza) is a drug for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV). It was developed byBristol-Myers Squibb and was approved in Europe on 22 August 2014. Daklinza gained its FDA approval on July 24, 2015 in the United States; it is approved for Hepatitis C genotype 3 infections.
Daclatasvir
Daclatasvir.svg
Ledipasvir (formerly GS-5885) is a drug for the treatment of hepatitis C that was developed by Gilead Sciences. After completing Phase III clinical trials, on February 10, 2014 Gilead filed for U.S. approval of a ledipasvir/sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination tablet for genotype 1 hepatitis C. The ledipasvir/sofosbuvir combination is a direct-acting antiviral agent that interferes with HCV replication and can be used to treat patients with genotypes 1a or 1b without PEG-interferon orribavirin.
Ledipasvir
Ledipasvir.svg

NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors (–buvir)

  • Beclabuvir
  • Dasabuvir
  • Deleobuvir§
  • Filibuvir§
  • Setrobuvir§
  • Sofosbuvir
  • Radalbuvir

  • Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is aviral protein found in the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It has the key function of replicating the HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as its template and catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTP) during RNA replication.
    RNA polymerase (RNAP or RNApol) (Ribonucleic acid), also known asDNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription.


    Sofosbuvir (brand name Sovaldi) is a nucleotide analog used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It has been marketed since 2013. Compared to previous treatments, sofosbuvir-based regimens provide a higher cure rate, fewer side effects, and a two- to four-fold reduced duration of therapy. Sofosbuvir allows most patients to be treated successfully without the use of peginterferon, an injectable drug with severe side effects that is a key component of older drug combinations for the treatment of HCV.
    Combinations of sofosbuvir with NS5A inhibitors, such as daclatasvir or ledipasvir, have shown sustained virological response rates of up to 100% in people infected with HCV. Most studies indicate that the efficacy rate is between 94% and 97%; much higher than previous treatment options.

    Sofosbuvir
    Sofosbuvir structure.svg

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